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character encoding - Text file with 0D 0D 0A line breaks - Stack Overflow

Except, Sam, that this is a typical CRLF Windows line break. In the issue at hand, the break is CRCRLF, which is the oddity. Also, PHP_EOL is system-dependent and would only be %0D%0A on Windows and related systems. On Unix-like systems it would be only %0A. :) – Kevin_Kinsey Mar 21 '19 at 16:30 A customer is sending me a .csv file where the line breaks are made up of the sequence 0xD 0xD 0xA. As far as I know line breaks are either 0xA from Mac or Unix or 0xD 0xA from Windows.

Is the 0xD 0xD 0xA any known encoding? Is there any known sequence of savings that corrupts a file's line endings that causes this (I think the customer uses a Mac)?

The file doesn't start with any encoding markers, it starts with the text contents directly. The text is displayed correctly if opened with code page 1252.

When you press the Enter key on Windows computers, two characters are actually stored: a carriage return (CR) and a line feed (LF). The operating system always interprets the character sequence CR LF the same way as the Enter key: it moves to the next line. However when there are extra CR or LF characters on their own, this can sometimes cause problems.

There is a bug in the Windows XP version of Notepad that can cause extra CR characters to be stored in the display window. The bug happens in the following situation:

If you have the word wrap option turned on and the display window contains long lines that wrap around, then saving the file causes Notepad to insert the characters CR CR LF at each wrap point in the display window, but not in the saved file.

The CR CR LF characters can cause oddities if you copy and paste them into other programs. They also prevent Notepad from properly re-wrapping the lines if you resize the Notepad window.

You can remove the CR CR LF characters by turning off the word wrap feature, then turning it back on if desired. However, the cursor is repositioned at the beginning of the display window when you do this.

Apple mail has also been known to make an encoding error on text and csv attachments outbound. In essence it replaces line terminators with soft line breaks on each line, which look like =0D in the encoding. If the attachment is emailed to Outlook, Outlook sees the soft line breaks, removes the = then appends real line breaks i.e. 0D0A so you get 0D0D0A (cr cr lf) at the end of each line. The encoding should be =0D= if it is a mac format file (or any other flavour of unix) or =0D0A= if it is a windows format file.

If you are emailing out from apple mail (in at least mavericks or yosemite), making the attachment not a text or csv file is an acceptable workaround e.g. compress it.

The bug also exists if you are running a windows VM under parallels and email a txt file from there using apple mail. It is the email encoding. Form previous comments here, it looks like netscape had the same issue.

This typically stems from a bug in revision control system, or similar. This was a product from CVS, if a file was checked in from Windows to Unix server, and then checked out again

I've seen this in text files produced by the Solidworks 3D CAD program. For example, if you export the equations of a model to a text file (default name is equations.txt), the line endings use 0x0D 0x0D 0x0A.

These files (at least those produced by the 2019 version of the software) include the UTF-8 representation of the byte order mark as the leading encoding markers at the start of the file.

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0A - Wikipedia

0 address arithmetic, zero address arithmetic, a computer architecture feature where assignment to a physical address space is deferred until programming statement execution time. 0 air, or zero air, an air purifier result that contains less than 0.1 ppm total hydrocarbons.

What is HDMI 2.0a? - CNET

HDMI 2.0a is the latest version of the beloved/despised spec that regulates those ubiquitous cables, inputs and outputs that connect pretty much everything in your home entertainment center. HDMI Licensing has announced the latest update to the HDMI spec, called HDMI 2.0a. It governs the transmission of new High Dynamic Range content between HDR-compatible source devices and TVs. Here's what you need to know.

HDMI 2.0a is the latest version of the beloved/despised spec that regulates those ubiquitous cables, inputs and outputs that connect pretty much everything in your home entertainment center. It's a minor update, but a potentially important one for this year and beyond.

The most important part up front: Just like before, this is not a cable change. Your current HDMI cables should work fine.

If you haven't read about HDMI 2.0, definitely check that out first. Some big changes were made from the previous version (1.4).

Each of these changes has to do with the chips inside the TVs and source devices like Blu-ray players, not the cables themselves. The cable is just a dumb pipe. It doesn't care if the data flowing through it is 4K video, high-def video, standard-def video, or anything in between: HDR, 2160p, or 720p is all just a variation on a theme -- lots of ones and zeroes.

It's also possible you may never see HDMI 2.0a even written anywhere on TV specification sheets. A similar thing happened with HDMI 2.0. We'll see.

The change has to do exclusively with High Dynamic Range (HDR) content. Not to be confused with HDR for cameras, HDR for TVs promises better realism thanks to brighter whites and other improvements, and requires compatible TVs, source devices and specialized content.

We'll start with the summary of the actual language from the HDMI Forum, which oversees the specification. Here's the relevant part of its April 8 press release on HDMI 2.0a:

The specification has been updated to enable transmission of HDR formats, which provide enhanced picture quality by simultaneously enabling greater detail for both the dark and bright parts of an image. The HDR-related updates include references to CEA-861.3, CEA's recently published update of HDR Static Metadata Extensions. - HDMI Forum, Inc.

In essence, the change is just specifications on how to transmit HDR metadata. That's information layered on top of the video image that tells the HDR-compatible display how to best take advantage of the greater color and contrast range in the underlying video image. So, for instance, a theoretical future 4K Blu-ray player can take that shadowy scene in a dark village and "tell" the display exactly how to render it in its HDR-enhanced glory.

Notably, the spec doesn't regulate streaming connections directly from the Internet to a TV -- for example, HDR from Amazon or Netflix (coming later this year) -- just those from HDMI sources. That's because streaming connections skip HDMI entirely, allowing direct communication between the Internet and the TV's decoder, which typically utilize HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) or VP9 compression for 4K video.

The main thing to know is that HDMI 2.0a is only relevant to new, high-end 2015 TVs that can accept and display HDR content. Most of the 4K TVs and non-4K announced in 2015, including numerous high-end models such as LG's 2015 OLED TVs , don't support HDR. They don't need HDMI 2.0a and have no use for HDR signals, via HDMI or otherwise.

The only TVs we know about for 2015 that do support HDR are Samsung's SUHD line, Vizio's Reference series , Panasonic's CX850 and two of Sony's most-expensive XBR models.

CNET contacted those four manufacturers to determine whether their sets would be compatible with HDMI 2.0a. Sony told us the XBR-75X940C and XBR-65X930C (its only 2015 HDR TVs) will be compatible thanks to a software upgrade coming later this year.

The others were more vague. Panasonic said that the CX850 will also be compatible in the future, but the timing and method of the upgrade is still uncertain. (Originally Panasonic told CNET that the CX850 would not be compatible at all, but then said that information was incorrect.)

"Samsung is exploring HDMI 2.0a and will be able to offer an update," that company's rep told me, but couldn't provide any details, such as which TVs would get the update or how it would be delivered. The entirety of Vizio's reply was "Vizio will have more detail on specs as we get closer to launch."

HDMI 2.0a is not a big change, and it likely won't affect you right now, but like we've been doing for years, we wanted to hedge against the inevitable claims of cable purveyors. Next time someone says "HDMI 2.0a compatible cables! Only $999.99 per meter!," tell them you'll save some money and get the cheap ones instead.

Got a question for Geoff? First, check out all the other articles he's written on topics like why all HDMI cables are the same, LED LCD vs. OLED, why 4K TVs aren't worth it and more. Still have a question? Send him an email! He won't tell you what TV to buy, but he might use your letter in a future article. You can also send him a message on Twitter @TechWriterGeoff or Google+.

Be respectful, keep it civil and stay on topic. We delete comments that violate our policy, which we encourage you to read. Discussion threads can be closed at any time at our discretion.

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What is HDMI 2.0b? - CNET

Most manufacturers won't specify "a" or "b", though if the product claims to do HDR, it's probably at least 2.0a, and quite possibly 2.0b. There are numerous HDMI versions available on 2017 TVs, receivers and other gear. Here's what you need to know about HDMI 2.0, 2.0a, 2.0b and 2.1.

It wasn't too long ago that the HDMI Forum, the organization in charge of that ubiquitous audio/video connection, announced version 2.0. Then HDMI 2.0a, HDMI 2.0b, and most recently, HDMI 2.1.

On one level, HDMI versions shouldn't matter. In fact, many manufacturers don't list the HDMI version used on their televisions, video players and other devices. You're generally safe assuming that a new 4K HDR TV you buy will work with a new 4K HDR video player, and pass the highest-quality signals available to each. You're also safe using cheap HDMI cables (for now).

When trying to connect equipment that isn't brand new, however, the HDMI version can matter a lot. That's because older HDMI devices might not be able to pass along the newest video formats, namely 4K and HDR, or the highest-quality versions of each. If you're worried about about that, it pays to know the HDMI version of the device you're buying.

If you're shopping for any product with HDMI in 2017, you should make sure it has at least HDMI 2.0. This gets you 4K resolution and frame rates of at least 60. More importantly, it gets you HDCP 2.2, the copy-protection protocol, so you can actually watch 4K content sent from an external device (like a Roku or 4K Blu-ray player). 

What's more, every piece in your AV chain needs HDMI 2.0/HDCP 2.2 for it to work. So if you have an HDMI 2.0 4K player and an HDMI 2.0 TV, but an older HDMI 1.4 soundbar or AV receiver in between… you're out of luck.

Most of "b" is a carryover from "a" and "_" versions of 2.0, with some refinements, most notably Hybrid Log Gamma (HLG). This is a different way to transmit HDR content. For a deep dive, one of the co-creators is the BBC and it's got a well-written PDF Q&A. 

For now, though, don't worry about it. There's not much support for HLG yet. The only reason 2.0b is worth mentioning is it's being implemented on 2017 TVs instead of HDMI 2.1. Which brings us to…

HDMI 2.1 is the upcoming update, and it is a significant jump. It takes everything from 2.0b and adds insane things like 10K resolution at a whopping 120Hz, far beyond anything any TV can do now or will be able to do in the near future. HDMI 2.1 is like buying an industrial excavator because you think you might plant roses someday. It's doubtful you'll see many products implementing the full 2.1 spec this year, but maybe next year.

This huge leap does require new cables, but only if you want to pass the higher resolutions and framerates. These new cables are part of this new spec. Called "48G" cables, they're a much larger "pipe" for this deluge of data to pass through.

But the good news is, you don't actually need new cables for HDMI 2.1 (or 2.0a or b) on two conditions:

The first point is easy. Unless you're a PC gamer and you know your TV/monitor can handle higher frame rates, you don't need to worry about going higher than 4K/60. All other content is 4K/24 or 4K/25 and less. All other frame rates are conversions inside the TV, and not transmitted over any cable.

The second part is harder to determine. If you bought an HDMI cable a few years ago, regardless of price, it's possible it will handle 4K resolutions. It also might not. The only way to tell is by trying it. If you're not getting a picture, or the picture cuts out, your cable might not be able to handle the resolution and/or frame rate you're sending. If that's the case, a new cable is likely required (though it doesn't have to be expensive).

As mentioned before, anything you buy now should be at least HDMI 2.0, and honestly it will be surprising if you find a mainstream production that isn't 2.0 at this point. Most manufacturers won't specify "a" or "b", though if the product claims to do HDR, it's probably at least 2.0a, and quite possibly 2.0b. 

The question becomes: Can a product can be upgraded, via a firmware update, to become "a", "b", or ".1"? The answer is: maybe, maybe and probably not. HDMI Forum, the people behind the HDMI standards, are understandably reluctant to discuss what manufacturers are able to do. We can figure a few things though.

Most HDR-compatible devices will have likely shipped from the factory with 2.0a. Since HDR is something that requires serious hardware, there's no point in adding the ability to read HDR data in a TV that isn't HDR. So the only products that could need 2.0a but didn't ship with it are slightly older (around 2 years) source devices. Is it theoretically possible to add it? Yes. Likely? Probably not. Companies don't love updating old gear with new features.

Changing 2.0a to 2.0b is much more likely, as it's a minor change. As mentioned though, it's not a change you need to worry about right now.

Changing from anything to 2.1 is highly unlikely. The issue is the chips inside the TV itself, which have to be able to handle a lot more data. Remember, even though your TV can only display 4K/60, to be "HDMI 2.1" the HDMI chips need to be able to handle 10K/120. It would be like Toyota putting racing tires on your Camry at the factory. Sure the grip is great… but why? This is one of the reasons why 2017s might have 2.0b, but none will likely have 2.1. The other reason is because the final 2.1 spec isn't finalized yet (as of this writing).  

Will your next TV have HDMI 2.1? If you get one next year, maybe. 2019? Probably. For now though, it's not worth worrying about.

And of course, all the versions are backward-compatible, so you can connect your HDMI 1.4 Blu-ray player to your HDMI 2.0b TV and you shouldn't have any issues.

Got a question for Geoff? First, check out all the other articles he's written on topics like why all HDMI cables are the same, TV resolutions explained, LED LCD vs. OLED, and more. Still have a question? Tweet at him @TechWriterGeoff then check out his travel photography on Instagram. He also thinks you should check out his best-selling sci-fi novel and its sequel.

Be respectful, keep it civil and stay on topic. We delete comments that violate our policy, which we encourage you to read. Discussion threads can be closed at any time at our discretion.

HDMI - Wikipedia

HDMI 2.0a was released on April 8, 2015, and added support for High Dynamic Range (HDR) video with static metadata. HDMI 2.0b was released March, 2016. HDMI 2.0b initially supported the same HDR10 standard as HDMI 2.0a as specified in the CTA-861.3 specification.

Download DirectX 9.0a for Windows - OldVersion.com

DirectX 9.0a. 42,260 Downloads. DirectX 9.0a 0 out of 5 based on 0 ratings. File Size: 31.22 MB. Date Released: Mar 26, 2003. Works on: Windows 98 / Windows 2000 / Windows XP / Windows Vista / Windows 7. Doesn't Work on: Add info. License: Add info. Official Website: http://www.microsoft.com/windows/directx/default.mspx.

GitHub - ddo/oauth-1.0a: OAuth 1.0a Request Authorization for Node and

OAuth 1.0a Request Authorization for Node and Browser. Send OAuth request with your favorite HTTP client (request, jQuery.ajax ) No more headache about OAuth 1.0a's stuff or "oauth_consumer_key, oauth_nonce, oauth_signature ." parameters, just use your familiar HTTP client to send OAuth requests. Tested on some popular OAuth 1.0a services: Twitter

GitHub - WP-API/OAuth1: OAuth server implementation for WP API

This plugin uses the OAuth 1.0a protocol to allow delegated authorization; that is, to allow applications to access a site using a set of secondary credentials. This allows server administrators to control which applications can access the site, as well as allowing users to control which applications have access to their data. 0a
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